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ARALIA
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You can see how serious Russians are about use of Aralia and other traditional herbs in official medicine by the translation of this Russian Pharmacopoeia Article. |
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Pharmacopoeia Article
Aralia is collected in spring or late fall, thoroughly cleaned of soil, cut into pieces and dried roots of wild Manchurian aralia tree (Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. (A. Mandshurica Rupr. Et maxim.) of the family of Araliaceae.
Appearance Indications
Solid Stock.
Solid of longitudinally split pieces of roots up to 8cm long and up to 3cm in diameter together with few small lateral roots. Roots are light-weight, longitudinally rugose, with heavily peeling cork. Bark is thin and easily separated from wood. Root fracture is splintery.
Outside root color is brownish-gray; at fracture: whitish- or yellowish-gray. Odor is aromatic. Taste is slightly astringent and bitterish.
Mill Stock.
Pieces of roots of different forms passing through a 7mm sieve. Color is yellowish-gray, brownish-gray. Odor is aromatic. Taste is slightly astringent and bitterish.
Microscopy
On root cross cut is seen a layer of heavily peeling cork. Bark consists of parenchyma cells with thin walls, among which are located secretory ducts from 7 to 20µm in diameter in the way of concentric belts. Parenchyma cells located around secretory ducts and medullary rays are filled with starch grains. Starch grains are simple and binate to octosyllabic. In the outer part of cork can be seen druses of calcium oxalate. Cork is separated from wood by a narrow layer of cambium. Wood is annular-vessel. Medullary rays are monostichous to pentastichous. After maceration, in the specimen are seen spiral and porous vessels with simple or marginate pores, fibrous tracheids and libriform fibers.
Qualitative Reactions
A stock analytical sample is pulverized down to the particle size passing
through a 7mm sieve. About 1 grams of mill stock is put into a 50ml flask, then
add 20ml of methyl alcohol and boil on water bath (bath temperature: 80-85°C)
with a reflux condenser for 1 hour; 0.02ml of 5min-settled extract is applied
with the help of a micropipette on the starting line of chromatographic 20 by
20cm plate with a fixed layer of coarse, macroporous silica gel. For a reference
spot is applied 0.01ml of 0.6% solution of saparal* in methyl alcohol (50µkg).
In 10 minutes, the plate is put into a chamber with a mixture of solvents:
chloroform-methyl alcohol-water (61:32:7) and chromatograph by an ascending
method. When solvent front reaches the plate end, it is taken out of the
chamber, dried in air for 10 minutes, sprinkled with a 20% solution of sulfuric
acid and heat in a drying cabinet at 105°C for 10 minutes.
On the plate must appear spots of cherry color on the level of aralozide spots
in saparal. It is allowed to have additional spots both of cherry and other
colors.
* transliterated from Russian
Notes:
1. Sorbent Preparation:
2kg of white granular, coarse, macroporous silica gel (State Standard (GOST)
3956-76), pulverized in a ball mill for 15 hours, is placed into a 10-liter
bottle, then add 3 liters of diluted hydrocarbon acid and equal quantity of
water, thoroughly shake and leave for 15-20 hours. Then water is added almost up
to the bottle neck, again shake and in 7 hours the liquid is drained. To rinse
silica gel, into the bottle is added about 8 liters of water, shake and in 7
hours the clarified liquid is drained. Rinsing of silica gel is thus repeated
about 10 times (up to negative reaction to chlorides). To rinsed silica gel is
again added water almost up to bottle neck, thoroughly shake and allow it to
settle for 20 minutes. The still cloudy liquid is carefully drained with the
help of a siphon into a crystallizer settle for 2 hours and clarified liquid is
drained. Residue is dried in air for 15-20 hours and then in a drying cabinet at
105-110°C for 7 hours.
2. Preparation of a Chromatographic Plate:
6 grams of resultant silica gel is mixed with 0.6 grams of calcium sulfate (pure
for analysis), grind in a mortar with gradual addition of 17ml of water,
thoroughly mix and apply by an even layer on a 20 by 20cm glass plate, which is
then dried in a strictly horizontal position in air for 24 hours or in a drying
cabinet at 120-140°C for 30-40 minutes.
3. Preparation of a 20% Acid Solution:
To 100ml of water is carefully added, while constantly mixing, 14ml of
concentrated sulfuric acid.
4. Preparation of 0.6% Solution of Saparal in Methyl Alcohol:
0.06 grams of saparal (ON* 42-1924-82) is dissolved in 10ml of methyl alcohol.
Numerical Indicators
Solid Stock
Sums of aralozides in terms of ammonium salt of aralozides A, B, and C with
average molecular mass: not less than 5%; moisture content: not more than 14%;
ash content: not more than 7%; root pieces >8cm long: not more than 15%; root
pieces >3cm in diameter: not more than 15%; fracture-blackened roots: not
more than 4%; organic admixture: not more than 1%; mineral admixture: not more
than 1%.
Mill Stock:
Sums of aralozides in terms of ammonium salt of aralozides A, B, and C with
average molecular mass: not less than 5%; moisture content: not more than 14%;
ash content: not more than 7%; fracture-blackened roots: not more than 4%;
particles that cannot pass through a 7mm sieve: not more than 15%; particles
passing through a 0.25mm sieve: not more than 10%; organic admixture: not more
than 1%; mineral admixture: not more than 1%.
Quantitative Determination
A stock analytical sample is pulverized down to particle size passing through a
1mm sieve.
About 5 grams (weighed sample) of mill stock is placed into a paper filter
cartridge and immerse into a Sohxlet apparatus with working volume of 150-200ml.
Into a receiving flask is filled 250ml of methyl alcohol, 70ml of 50% solution
of sulfuric acid and extract on boiling water bath for 7 hours. The resultant
mixture in the flask is diluted with water by 50% and cool under running tap
water for 10 minutes. The precipitated residue is filtered off through a glass
filter II?*16 of diameter <50mm. The first portion is filtered off without
vacuum, then, when separation of filtrate almost stops, carefully switch on
vacuum and filter the remainder. Residue on filter is rinsed with water
(1000ml), stirring it up on filter 2 or 3 times up to neutral reaction on
general-purpose, indicator paper and then dry a little without switching vacuum
off. From the funnel the residue is quantitatively transferred 50ml of hot
mixture of methyl and isobutyl alcohol (1:1.5) into a 100ml glass. Resultant
solution is potentiometrically titrated by a solution of sodium hydroxide
(0.1mol/liter) in a mixture of methyl alcohol and benzene. During titrating
there is noted the quantity of titrant used for brining pH of tested solution up
to 7.0.
Reference test is carried out simultaneously.
Titrating data processing is done graphically.
Content of aralozides sums in terms of ammonium salt of aralozides A, B and C
with average molecular mass, absolutely dry stock in percentage terms (X)
should be computed from the formula:
0.10122
· (V - V1 - V2) · 100 · ?
X =
------------------------------------------
m
· (100 - W)
| where: |
- 0,10422
- - Quantity of ammonium salts of aralozides corresponding to 1ml of
sodium hydroxide solution (0.1mol/liter) in grams;
- V
- - Volume of sodium hydroxide solution (0.1mol/liter) used for
sample titrating in milliliters;
- V1
- - Volume of sodium hydroxide solution (0.1mol/liter) used for
bringing pH titrated solution up to 7.0 in milliliters;
- V2
- - Volume of sodium hydroxide solution (0.1mol/liter) used for
reference sample titrating in milliliters;
- m
- - Stock mass in grams;
- W
- - Mass loss during stock drying in percentage terms.
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Packing
Solid stock is packed in fabric bales of not more than 50kg net weight or in
fabric or flax-jute-hemp bags of not more than 25kg net weight; mill stock is
packed in fabric or flax-jute-hemp bags of not more than 25kg net weight.
Shelf Life:
3 years.
Copyright 2002
KeyHerbs.com
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