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RHODIOLA ROSEA
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There are about 20 plant species of the genus Rhodiola. According to clinical studies, Siberian Rhodiola rosea root is the most biologically active. |
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Monograph
Rhodiola rosea |
Description, Active constituents, Mechanisms of Action, Clinical Indications (Chronic Stress, Cancer), Side Effects and Toxicity, Dosage, References. |
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Rhodiola rosea |
Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogen (as defined by Israel Brekhman, PhD) that has been shown to raise oxygen partition in arteries and blood saturation level and to lower blood viscosity while enhancing peripheral circulation. It improved total circulation, oxygen uptake, and nutrient transport to the tissues while preventing hypoxy-related free radical generation. |
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Rhodiola rosea root
Pharmacopoeia Article
Collected in the flowering and fruiting stage, cleaned and washed of soil,
cut into pieces and dried rootstocks and roots of perennial, wild, herbaceous
plant of rose-root Stonecrop (Rhodiola rosea L.) of the family of Crassulaceae.
Appearance Indications
Mill Stock.
Pieces of rootstocks and roots of different shapes. Rootstock pieces up to 9cm
long and 2-5cm thick are hard and rugate with traces of died off stalks and
remnants of squamiform leaves. From the rootstocks branch off few roots 2-9cm
long and 0.5-1cm thick. Rootstock and root surface is glossy and of
grayish-brown color; on peeling off of cork is found a golden-yellow layer.
Fracture color is rosy-brown or light brown. Odor is peculiar and resembles the
odor of a rose. Taste is bitterish-astringent.
Mill Stock.
Rootstock and root pieces of different shapes passing through a 7mm sieve. The
color is rosy-brown. Odor is peculiar and resembles the odor of a rose. Taste is
bitterish-astringent.
Microscopy
On the rootstock cross cut is seen a schistous periderm. Rootstock structure is
of fascicular type. Duct fascicles are open, collateral, fusiform, ring-shaped,
rootstock periphery-oriented by phloem and center-oriented by xylem. There may
be available the second ring of smaller duct fascicles, in which phloem is
center-oriented, while xylem is periphery-oriented. Rootstock parenchyma
consists of large cells filled by starch. Starch grains are simple, round or
oval, 5-20µm in diameter.
Qualitative Reactions
Into a 20ml flask is put 1 gram of mill stock (see Section Quantitative
Determination), then add 10ml of methyl alcohol and heat on water bath at 65°C
for 20 minutes with a reflux condenser. Extract is filtered through a paper
filter. On the starting line of Silufol* plate UV-254 with a micropipette is
applied 0.002ml of resultant filtrate. The plate with the applied sample is
placed into a chamber which is previously saturated with solvents mixture
(chloroform-methyl alcohol-water (26:14:3)) for not less than 24 hours and
chromatograph by the ascending method.
When the solvent front passes about 13cm, the plate is taken out of the chamber,
dries in air for 5 minutes and looked through UV light at 254nm wavelength. On
the chromatogram must appear a dominating spot of violet color with R1
constituting about 0.4 (rosavine); it is possible to have available other spots.
The chromatogram is sprinkled with a 10% solution of sodium carbonate ...
... at 110°C for 2 minutes, then sprinkle with diazotized sulfacyl and heat at
110°C for 2 minutes. On the chromatogram must appear a spot of rosy color with
R1 constituting about 0.42 (salidrozide); it is possible to have available other
spots.
* transliterated from Russian
Note:
Preparation of plates:
Sulifol UV-254, 15 by 15cm plates are cut across application lines into three 15
by 5cm parts and before application the extracts are dried in a drying cabinet
at 110°C for 1 hour.
Numerical Indicators
Solid Stock.
Salidrozide: not less than 0.8%; moisture content: not more than 13%; general
ash content: not more than 9%; other parts of the plant (leaves, stalks,
including those separated during analysis): not more than 4%; organic admixture:
not more than 1%; mineral admixture: not more than 3%.
Mill Stock.
Salidrozide: not less than 0.8%; moisture content: not more than 12%; general
ash content: not more than 8%; particles failing to pass through a 7mm sieve:
not more than 10%; particles passing through a 0.5mm sieve: not more than 2%;
organic admixture: not more than 1%; mineral admixture: not more than 3%.
Quantitative Determination
A stock analytical sample up to the size of particles passing through a 2mm
sieve. About 0.5 gram (precise weight) of mill stock is put into a 100ml flask,
then add 10ml of water and heat on boiling water bath with a reflux condenser
for 15 minutes.
Then the extract is filtered through a paper filter into a 50ml measuring flask
avoiding getting stock particles on the filter. Extraction is repeated again 3
times by 10ml water, heating each time for 10 minutes and filtering into the
same measuring flask.
To the cooled filtrate is added 6ml of 10% solution of lead acetate, 2ml of
saturated solution of sodium sulfate, then thoroughly mix, bringing the volume
of the solution with water up to the mark and filter through a paper filter. The
first 15ml of filtrate is discarded.
Into a 25ml measuring flask is transferred 5ml of resultant filtrate, add 2.5ml
of 2% solution of sodium carbonate, 2.5ml of diazotized sulfanyl, bringing the
volume of the solution with water up to the mark, mix and in 5 minutes measure
the optical density on a spectrophotometer at 486nm wavelength in a cuvette with
the layer 10mm thick, using water as a reference solution.
The content of salidrozide in terms of absolutely dry stock in percentage terms
(X) should be computed from the formula:
D
· 250 · 100
X = ---------------------------- ,
253
· m · (100 - W)
| where: |
- D
- - Optical density of solution under analysis;
- 253
- - Specific index of absorption (E ... ) of salidrozide;
- m
- - Stock mass in grams;
- W
- - Mass loss during stock drying in percentage terms.
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Notes:
1. Preparation of diazotized sulfanyl:
7 grams of sodium sulfanyl is dissolved in 50ml of water in a 100ml measuring
flask, add 9ml of concentrated hydrocarbon acid and bring the volume of the
solution with water to the mark, then 1ml of resultant solution is put into a
100ml measuring flask, put it on ice, add 50ml of water, 0.2ml of 10% solution
of sodium nitrite, mix and bring the volume of the solution with water to the
mark. The solution should be used fresh.
2. Preparation of saturated solution of sodium sulfate:
60 grams of sodium sulfate is filled with 100ml of water and leave, while
frequently shaking, for 24 hours.
Packing
Solid stock is packed in fabric bales of not more than 50kg net weight or in
fabric or flax-jute-hemp bags of not more than 30kg net weight; mill stock is
packed in fabric or flax-jute-hemp bags of not more than 30kg net weight.
Shelf Life:
3 years.
Copyright 2002
KeyHerbs.com
The case sensitive password herbalist must be somewhere in subject:
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